Moral development | Factors affecting moral development

Moral development develop a sense of right and wrong in a child. It is a set of principles or ideas that help the individual to distinguish right or wrong and to act on this distinction. Morality principle guide how people should treat one another with respect to Justice, others right and welfare. 

Their are moral components exists:

1-cognitive components

2-Emotional component

3-Behavioral component

Factors affecting moral development:

There are following factors that affect the moral development of an individual.

Family:

Family environment plays an important role in the moral development of a child. It is the duty of parents to develop good habits in their children and stop them doing bad things. Parents show acceptance or the rejections of their kids actions. It does not means they do not love with their child. It shows that they love their child the most and they want to develop in them good habits. Parents also tell their child about the difference between right and wrong. This also develop in their child a good moral character. Morally their minds become strong and they know about the good things and the bad things about that are happened in their surrounding. So they keep themselves save from them and be an important part of their society. They also raise their voices to support the good things and also appreciate them. Parents develop in their child a habit of praising and appreciating good things. Those things which parents do not allow their child to do, keep away from them because that thing is not good for them. 

Parents who discipline their child by discussing the consequences of their actions produce children who have better moral development , compared to children whose parents use authoritarian methods and punishment.

Simon Baron-Cohen

School:

Most of the habits in a child are developed in schools. In schools children make their habits, make friends and develop emotions about others. Schools is a place where children learn a lot of things. Their minds becomes sharpen by learning things and attending daily lecture. Moral concepts also develop in schools. A child get concepts about the good things and the bad things as a result of relationship and attachment with their class fellows, with their teachers and their senior student. Children participate in events at schools and express their talent and gain confidence. Most of the students are that learns in schools more actively than at home. They learns by discussion or by cooperative learning schools and gain the answer of their question's. 

Peer group:

Children accepts the ideas of their classmates and their companions. They have tendency that they learns with their companions more better than at home. 

When most of the people present in an area their have much knowledge and bundles of summation and conclusions of the matters. Everyone shares about their experience and give suggestions about any kind of thing. Their is also cluster of knowledge. Anyone wants to get answer about any question just ask that question and everyone is ready to answer that and you can get your answer in a best possible way. 

Age:

Age is an important source in making moral concepts and moral behavior. As an individual develop from a kid to adult , the becomes open minded towards certain ideals which do not fit their nature. By times a child improves themselves and become serious about life and making ideals by experiences and by hardworking. 

There is difference of thinking in every age group. If anyone has one thinking about any matter than the other person of different age group have other thinking about the same situation or matter. So this is due to age difference.

Gender:

Another important factor of moral development is gender. Girls have other kind of sense they are conscious about their things whereas boys have other kind of sense. They are free to do anything. They are aggressive also than girls. Now a days this difference does not matter, people are become more mature and liberal also. They know their rights and raise the voice to get their basic rights. All are equal and the state gives the equal rights to everyone. Every one also has liberty or freedom to spend their life as they want to spend. 

conclusion:

In conclusion, we can say that moral development is an complicated process in which interaction with other people and surrounding plays an important role. Morally every individual should be strong because their is no value of people which are not morally strong. This include mental strength, physically strengthen also internally strong person. 

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Philosophy | Branches of philosophy

According to WINDELBAND, Philosophy is "the critical science of universal values." and according to John Dewey, "whenever philosophy has been taken seriously, it has always been assumed that it signified achieving a wisdom that would influence the conduct of life." Edgar S. Brightman Philosophy is "a critical method of approaching experience rather a body of conclusion about experience." According to Herbert Spencer, philosophy is concerned with everything as a universal science. According to Roy Wood Sellars, Our subject is the collection of science, such as theory of knowledge, logic, cosmology, ethics and aesthetics as well as unified survey. 

Branches of philosophy:

There are of various branches of philosophy

Epistemology:- 

It is the most fundamental branch of philosophy. It also discusses philosophical truth, falsehood, validity of knowledge, limits of knowledge and nature of knowledge, known and unknown etc.

Philosophy of science:-

This is also the branch of philosophy which is concerned with philosophical examination of postulate and conclusion of different sciences. 

Semantics:-

This is the most important branch of philosophy. According to Shivendra (2006) "It is concerned with determination of meanings of different words used in different languages."

Metaphysics:-

It is the study of existence, reality or essence.

Branches of metaphysics: 

There are following branches of metaphysics. 

Cosmogony, cosmology, ontology, philosophy of self, Eschatology

Cosmogony:-

It is the study of creation.

Cosmology:-

The main problem of cosmology are: Is the world one or it many, or is it both one and many?

Ontology:-

It is the study of ultimate reality.

Philosophy of self:-

It is the study of philosophical analysis of self.

Eschatology:-

It is the discussion of the condition of soul after death. 

Axiology:-

It is the branch of philosophy which concerns with philosophiclly studies value. 

Branches of Axiology:

There are following branches of Axiology.

Ethics:-

It involves in the discussion of the criteria of write and wrong. 

Aesthetic:-

This discuss the nature and criteria of beauty. 

Logic studies truth:

It includes the discussion of methods of judgement, types of proposition, hypothesis, defination, comparision, division, classification and fundamental laws of thoughts, etc. 

Philosophies of social science:-

This give birth to different branches of philosophy

The branches are as follows:

Philosophies of education:-

• Aim of education
  
• Basic philosophical problems
  

Social philosophy:-

Philosophical examination of postulates and conclusion of different sciences.

Political philosophy:

• forms of government
• forms of state
• basic problems arising in the political field
  

Philosophy of History:-

This philosophy is nature of  historical process. Its purpose and relation with cosmic process. 

Philosophy of economics:-

Aim of man economic activities and fundamental problems arising in the economic field

These are the main branches of philosophy

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How we can protect our environment from pollution?

Industrialization helps mankind to rise the standard of living. In the way, this also destroy the environment in a serious way. Large amount of industrial waste in the form of solid, liquid or gas thrown into the environment which destroy the life of living organism. Heavy metals releases from the industry to the environment results in Havoc to the human health. It also cause death of many living organism due to its harsh effects. This also results in the pollution to the environment. Thus, environmental pollution reach at its peak to the alarming level. 

 

Solution to environmental pollution:-

This is a serious issue that is increasing from its peak every day. So there is a need to address this issue. The reason is that these bicomponent release from the industries are soon out of control. in the ecosystem and damages the ecosystem. This would lead to non reparable loss to the environment and life on the earth becomes difficult to live. Living organism bear some of the irregularity in the environment and this kind of irregularity don't be bear to the by the living organism. 

Attention to this problem is very necessary to solve this issue, to find the solution to this problem. There is a way to solve this issue is bioremediation.

Bioremediation:-

It is the removal of degradation of the environmental pollution or toxic material by living organism.

Example: By research it is found that algae is used to reduce the pollution of heavy metals by biosorption. 

International problem:-

Environmental pollution is now the problem of worldwide. There is  need to solve the issue. Our rivers have a lot of polluted material in it which cause problem to the living organisms in water. Canals, srteams and oceans have a lot of population in it which is damaged by the waste coming from the industries. In cities, there are also a lot of other sources of environmental pollution which causes damage to the atmosphere.

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Poetry | What is the importance of poetry?

Poetry has very deep and long historical background. It is the oldest form of literature and it is the first thing which was being spoken, heard, write and read. It is very amazing fact that all the branches of knowledge such as history, dramas, mathematics, politics and sciences were in the poetic form.

kinds of poetry

Poetry has two types in written

Objective poetry:

Objective poetry is a message of specific purpose. Example: universal, epic etc.

Subjective poetry: 

Subjective poetry is a personal expression of a poet. Example: personal, lyrics etc.

Types of poetry:

In general, there are following types of poetry

Lyrical:

Poems that express personal feelings and emotions.

Narrative:

Tells a story with characters, problems and solutions.

Humorous:

Funny, silly and sometimes fantastical.

Fra-verses:

Does not follow a pattern. Does not have consistent rhyme or rhythm

Importance of poetry:

There are following importance of poetry

Build reading, speaking and listening skill:

Poetry develop the sense of speaking and develop the habit of reading and listening.

Explore language and vocabulary:

Poetry explore  the language of a person or poetry lover and also the vocabulary

Inspire writing:

Poetry develop in a person the sense of writing that inspire everyone.

Build a love for reading:

Poetry develop in a person the habit of reading different books and gain knowledge different things.

public speaker

Poetry makes you better public speaker because poetry was made to be read or told out loud.

convey a lot of meaning

It forces the reader to convey a lot of meaning and information using a few words.

stronger vocabulary

The constraints force you to use stronger vocabulary.

art forms

Poetry can be combined with other art forms. poetry can include music, dance, instruments and multiple languages etc. it has no limits.

Connections

Poetry allowing you to connect yourself and others

Imagination:-

There is no poetry without imagination. Poetry is a language used throughout history, and it is still an important part of our culture. Poems use sounds and images to express emotions and experiences. A poem's form consists of structure, rhyme, meter, topic, or an established pattern

Poetry is the result of experience or the series of experiences.

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Habits | How to develop good habits in a child?

Habit is the result of practice of one own individual. Habit is a routine of behavior that is repeated regularly and tends to occurs continuously. A more or less way of thinking, admire of previous repetition of experience. According to James, Habit d a man second nature. 

Types of habits:-

• Regular exercise
• Nutrition
• Mindfulness
• Positive thinking
• Scheduling your work
• Physical habit

Habits are found both in man and in animals.

 Tips to develop good habits in a child:-

Their are following tips to have good habits

Start with small adjustment:

Most people have their mindset to achieve everything in a single day. It is better to make small adjustment so that your mid can handle these gradual positive changes in a proper way. 

Identify all your obstacles and triggers:

In order to develop good habits , you must have clear idea about triggers and obstacles. if you don't do that you must have likely to face failure.

When you start to form good habits, you have many bad days. It does not means that you come back but it means you have to face the challenges and go forward.

Focus on good habits at a time:

You have to decided to implement good habits, and you have a list of good habit to adopt. If you have mindset to adopt good habits than you should be aware of that you have to face many failure to achieve their mindset goals. For example you have to decide to eat healthy food and exercise daily. That is quickly become exhausted most of the time but you have to stuck on your goal and don't exhausted.

 

Give yourself some time:

For developing good habits among your child, it is necessary to give some time to your child to spend alone without any disturbance. In this time a child can observe different situations that they face in this life and correlate them and get their better answer. Rather than discuss it with their community. This is the best way to empower a child and realize him that he is strong and solve their problems. And when he solve their issues he become more empowered and enrich.

Self compassion/self judgement:

This is also essential for a child development that he should think about their decision that they have made. And judge them also either they are good for them or not good, either they cause ant harm to them or they don't effect their life. This helps a lot to analysis themselves of a child.

Have more clarity:

Thing should be taught clearly to a child. They are accepted by their mind and remain in their mind forever wherever they need. And explanation of each and every thing in the starting of their ages is given whatever they need to be given. 

List your mistakes:

A habit is to be made to list the mistakes that they have made in their life span and get their causes also find their solution. Learn from the mistakes is the key of success in life. Once a mistake is happened search out the mistake find their reason and try to get their solution and move out next.

Focus on building a routine:

Schedule plays a very important role in building a good life span. If you plan something, then it happen good to you. Make a time table to study play and other things in life. 

Work on your environment:

Work on your own environmental condition, rather than relay on any other else. This helps to develop good ideas and open new ways in their life. 

Celebrate your small wins:

Start celebrating your little success in life. So that they will give you more confidence to grow up and do big things. Share your success to the other people so that they get inspiration from your stories and do wonders also.

 

Get support from your friends and family:

Give you family and friends benefits from you and feel the peace in your life that you have got by helping them. Solve their small issues and help them in the time of need.

Take time  to think that what is holding you back:

Think about your life span in past years and think about your pros and cons in your life. And move on with an experienced person.

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Play | Benefits of play in child development

Play is so important in child development. Play is very essential to the social, physical and cognitive and emotional development of child and also for youth. Play also bind a family together and keeps the family in love and connection. Those student which grows by full-filling their imagination are more creative and active. Creativity also encourages people to get new ways  to do things and make a new invention as well.

Brain continuously work to create new inventions:

Kids that develop executive functions perform well in schools and make good decisions as well.

Theory of mind: 

A well develop theory of mind increase the kids tolerance and compassion for other people and enhance the ability to play and work well with others.

Free to play:

Do not stop children for playing and give them free hand to play as they want to be. By doing this they get a lot of experience in every field. They also learn to play with cooperation and help each other in the time of need.

Play is not option for a child but it is essential for a child:

Play develop mental skill that allow us t manage time and attention, to plan and organized, to remember details and to decide what is not appropriate to say.

BENEFITS OF PLAY IN EARLY CHILDHOOD:

There are of following importance of playing in early childhood

Unoccupied play:

Their are of following unoccupied plays

• Gain knowledge:

By playing games you will get a lot of knowledge.

• unoccupied plays helps to gain knowledge

Playing games helps us to get aware from every aspect as well.

• solve problem:

These also helps to solve the problems

• strengthen language:

These also helps to strengthen the language

• Develop imagination:

These also helps to develop the imagination

• Learn to be in groups:

Unoccupied plays helps to learn in groups

Solitary play:

In solitary play following terms are considers:

• play on their own
  

Solitary play helps to play on their own

• Don't notice others

They don't notice other and busy on their work

• Busy garbing different objects 

They are also busy in garbing different objects

Onlooker play

Their are of following outlook plays

• learn language 

By outlook play the children learn languages

• watch other children play

The children watch others to play different games and try themselves to play that game 

• Wont join in

They don't join others games. Instead of doing that they play on their own

• parallels play:

They play parallel to each other.

• Play next to each other

The children in outlook play , plays parallel to each other

• wont interact

They would not interact to one another and on their own

• Associative play

They want to play associatively

• more interesting in other kids 

They take interest in other kids

• learn how to get alone

They also learn to get alone

• sharing 

They also learn to share

• problem solving

They learn to solve their problems

Social play:

Their are of following social plays

• interact in play setting:

They learn to interact in play setting

• setting in play ideas:

They suggest to others different ideas of play

• use moral reasoning:

They also use moral reasoning

physical play

• Run, jump and play games :

They learn to jump and run.

• Exercise:

They do exercise of their mind daily.

• Music strength:

They gains the music strength

• Take turns:

They take turns.

constructive play:

Their are of following constructive plays

• Drawing:

They also be able to draw their sketch to plan their duties and functions.

• Building blocks:

They also build by building blocks.

• Explore objects:

They explore objects.

• Discover pattern:

They also discover pattern.

• All about creating:

They know all about creation.

Expressive play:

There are of following excessive plays

• Learns o express feelings:

By playing games children learns to express their feelings.

• Clay and water:

By Playing children learns about clay and water

• Paints and markers:

Children's also know about paints and markers

• Fantasy play:

They play fantasia 

• Assume new roles:

By playing games they assumes new roles.

• New world:

Children also learns the ways to survive new world.

• Want to be adult:

They also want to be adult. They want to do thing unlike all adults do.

• Cooperative play:

They learns to play cooperatively.

• Organized group play: 

They also organizes in group and are active also.

• One leader:

They learns to live under one leader and do their duties perfectly.

• Games with rules:

They also learns to play under following rules also the terms and conditions.

• life has rules

By playing  games children learns that life has rules that we have to follow necessarily.

benefits of playing games

Benefits of playing for our health:

There are of following benefits of playing games

• gain knowledge

Playing games helps us to gain knowledge.

• solve problems

Playing games also helps us to solve our problems related to body functions and strong our mind 

• strength language

It also strengthen our language.

• develop imagination

This also develop imagination

• learn to be in a group

Students learns to be in groups and solve their issues with cooperation.

According to science, Exercise is very good for our body development

• Strengthen our bones:

Playing games gives strength to our bones. Our bones becomes strong and will lead a healthy life by playing different types of game.

• Maintain the cholesterol in our body:

Playing games maintains the cholesterol level in our body. maintenance of cholesterol level is essential because it causes serious health problems to us. 

• Decreasing the risk of stock:

Playing games also decreases the risk of stock and keeps us active. we can performs our duties actively by playing games.

• Reduces High blood pressure:

This also reduces the high blood pressure and protect our body with several heart diseases.

• Decrease risk of diabetes:

Playing games also decrease the risk of diabetes.

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