Year 2020 | How was the year 2020

Abstract:

Every year with its ending leaves a lot of memories in the minds of the people. There are lot of people that have met in a year, remains at mind for the whole life also many moments remain at mind for throughout life. There are many happy moments in a year for someone at the same time they have also bad experiences in a year and many loses happens at different forms in one’s life, but the life is gone as it is only the situations and way of thinking and doing change only and things remain there and place are also same.  Unlike all other years, 2020 have also lot of memories with them. 

Introduction:

At the start of this year, the life is going as usual as in the other years in the past going except some countries of Europe and china. In Pakistan the situation was not much dangerous and the virus was almost unknown. Later in February the situation becomes harsh and the cases start appear and the patients comes into the hospital with this virus that affects them badly. In the mid of February, the situation becomes out of control and government had to make a plan to overcome this situation and compete this virus and its effects on the people. Later on, they setup a plan to close all of the country and happening and people had to stay at home.

This year 2020 has a little bit difference from the past years because this year is, we lose most of our beloved one's because of the Covid-19 virus.

Covid-19: 

Covid-19 is a virus that is very new in the world and nobody not known about this virus before and also there is no cure of this covid-19 virus. At some countries in the medical fields, to Medicine of study students the study of the part of this virus is skipped because this was not happened before and they think that it is the waste of time to study about this so they skip that. But on the other hand, there some countries that not skip that portion to the medical student to study and their students learns about Covid-19 virus. Instead of that they study only and are not research about that. Now in this situation after most of the persons infected the study and research about the virus is at its peak and many of the researchers start research on this assignment. In Europe the research is also going on to cure the disease. 

For now doctors have suggested to wear mask and wash hands properly after regular interval of time. According to doctors if a person infected from this disease Should isolate immediately themselves so that no other person infect because of them. The isolation period is of 14 days. 

Explanation:

The virus starts from the last year and the first case was reported at china. after that this city was sealed by the Chinese government and no person get away from that city and no one get into the city. Then after that the cases are also reported in other cities. The people start suffering from that disease and have no cure of that even the disease is not recognized by the doctors.  So that many of the people have died because of this disease and leave the world. Those people who have strong immunity power are also infected by this disease but they will recover after taking proper isolation of 14 days. So, the person immunity or defense power of their body also depends on against this disease.

Most of our doctors are also suffered from this disease and are not no more with us. The person from every field are suffered from this disease. Even the politician, prime ministers, presidents, engineers and many other citizens are suffered from this disease. Some of them are recovered by taking proper measures of cure and some of them are no more and many other are to be suffered more now because the cases are increasing still at the hospitals in every country around the world. 

Lockdown:

Government impose complete lockdown from march to august so that the diseases not spread during this period. Then after that in September the everything is open education, business as and everything open. The life goes on. On November this virus again starts to spread more quickly. The government immediately closes the educational institutes because the number of people gathering at educational institutes are more than any other even at business’s places these numbers are not much, this virus is more quickly spread at gathering and infect more people. At Europe the preparation of vaccine is continue and hopefully next year the vaccine of this disease comes to the market and we are able to use that vaccine and get cure. we have lost a lot of our people during this people we will miss them they are always in our minds.

Steps:

When the disease of covid-19 starts to spread quickly and the number of cases increases, then immediately the educational institutes are closed. So that these may not infect our children at institutions and working people at different businesses and are also closed completely So that to not allow this disease to spread. 

The government said that people stay in isolation at their homes not allow the people to make get together at any place. Even the marriage halls, political gathering, conventions of any types are also closed and all the business and education instituted converted to online by the DE Clarence of the government. 

Online Meetings:

The online business community grows at this period very well. All the meeting among the peoples, friends and fellows are by online system. There is no physical attachment among the people.

Home:

People also enjoy the home food rather than of restaurants Try new things to do at home also give time to their elders and listen to stories from them. So, for some reason this year is also beneficial for us. In their busy schedule people have no time to give their home and family by this complete lockdown period from march to august they give complete time to their family.

Conclusion:

The best cure to recover and fight against this virus is to wear the mask and sanitize our hands properly after frequent intervals of times. Dispose of the mask properly after usage so that it may not cause any harm to other individual or living organism. Wash our hands properly with any soap to disinfect ourself from germs. 

Everyone is united to fight against this virus and are ready to take proper measure and fulfill the instructions given by the doctors. 

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Health | How the environmental changes effects our health

Abstract

In the environment main gases present are oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and Sulphur etc. These gases are very essential to keep the environment healthy and fresh. When the amount of any of these important environmental gases distract then it will create a huge impact on the global system of environment and various changes takes place, which is not a very good sign. These environmental change abruptly effects our health and also changes the internal system of human that are not previously known by them. So we should protect our environment and take care our environmental system before taking any step regarding to that which has its effects on environment.

Introduction

The environment has a lot of gases that are beneficial for human health. These gases are used for survival of human on the earth. These gases include oxygen, nitrogen, Sulphur, hydrogen and other gases. The gases like hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen and Sulphur are present in the environment and are very essential for the survival of human.

Uses of different gases present in environment

There are of following uses of different gases present in environment

Use of oxygen in environment

Oxygen is used by human, that take in oxygen into the body and it circulates in the human body by which human can survive in the earth with a healthy life. Oxygen present in the environment is about 70%. But now due to the excess of pollutes components the concentration of oxygen decreases in environment. Because of the reaction of oxygen with the harmful components in environment.

Use of carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide is very important for living organism. It is taken/absorbed by plants and as a result of that plants gives us oxygen which is the backbone for our survival on earth. So, we should plant more and more tree and plants at each and every place of and area So that our environment become safe and protected and remains beneficial for us.

Use of Nitrogen

Nitrogen is also present in the environment. Nitrogen is very important gas present in environment. It is also used as an essential fertilizer also. The concentration of nitrogen in environment is lower than the oxygen present in environment. The nitrogen is an essential component Present in the air atmosphere and this is also essential for plants because it regulates the growth of the plant. The quantity of Nitrogen in plants should be maximum so that plant growth becomes better and effective.

Uses of sulphur

Sulphur is also the essential component of plant. This also involve in the growth of the plant, the penetration of Sulphur components in roots plants of plants are essential and are useful for healthy growth of plant.

Unlike all these components the other components and gases are present in the environment.

Effects on environment

The environment changes affect the health of the living and non-living things. The living things are affecting the most by the environment changes. The living organisms includes the human, animals and plants on the earth. These are all effected by these changes in the environment.

Pollutants in environment

This is the world of technology. We are living in the world now is more advanced and due to science, this world got a lot of benefits and the inventions of various technological products makes the life easier for everyone in this universe and for everyone belongs to any field technology makes a lot of ease for them. On the other hand, technology cause the environment to be polluted.

This is because when we made an experiment on anything in the laboratory, this requires a lot of metallic and non-metallic products and the chemical elements that are not useful for environment and also cause the breakage of protective layer around the atmosphere, that protect the earth from harmful radiations coming from the sun.

Similarly, when we make a product in a factory or a mill. This require a lot of chemicals and reacting agents to make a product attractive to the people and useful for them also. This is the requirement of everyone. So, for the sake fulfillment of their needs factories and mill use that products which met the customer need.

Although all the things have done by them for the ease of mankind. But they cause very harmful effects on the health of human.

Wastage of laboratories and factories or mills

The wasted material from the laboratory are thrown outside at any place that they get easily to throw. By throwing anywhere, it may be at public place from where people, animal and plants that are around this, got infected from that wasted material. Because various harmful products are presents in that wasted material and are the intermix of a lot to chemicals this wanted material are very dangerous for the health of everyone So the proper wastage system should be developed by the authorities to drop off the by-product and are not exposed to the atmosphere. The harmful gases are produces from that wasted product that react with the oxygen, nitrogen and other useful gases in the environment and made reaction with that gases and converted into harmful product and also damage the protective layer around atmosphere that is ozone. This results in the penetration of harmful radiation from the sun directly n the earth which is not good because when they penetrate to human skin cause cancer also their penetration on plants cause damage to the plants and various trees and their roots also. Similarly, they cause disease to animals when the radiations directly reach to the skin of animals.

Unlike laboratory waste, the factory wastes are not useful for the environment and cause health issues to the living organisms. The harmful material release from the laboratory are damage the human health. Factories do not have proper drainage system. The factories are at first, far from the cities or any populated place. So that their noise does not cause disturbance to the surrounding area. Their surrounding will be free because the factories carry a lot of noise. The machines are operated there. The waste material from the factories or the mill should be disposed of properly. Most of the factories have pipelines to nearby rivers and canal and thrown their waste into them. As a result of this the water of the river canals and streams get polluted and are nor reliable to drink.

In mill various chemical reactions are performed to make the specific product, so these also have proper drainage system.

There is a need to take step practically worldwide.

Chloro fluoro carbons (CFCs)

The harmful gases releases from the refrigerators, ovens, air conditioner and other electronic appliances are also not good for the health of the human and now the result of various new diseases in the human are the result of these. Although all these things are beneficial for us and to overcome their effects, they should be kept at the atmosphere so that their gases release from that are directly enter into atmosphere without effecting the human health near that appliances.

Disease caused by environmental changes:

These gases cause various health disease from different sources also these are the cause of cancer in human body and much more diseases are caused by that. The diseases like 

• cholera
• cancer
  
• typhoid
  
• malaria
• skin diseases
• etching at eyes
  

 and other diseases spread when these harmful products are exposed openly to the atmosphere. Due to that diseases it becomes difficult for living organism to survive and they fought against these diseases and ultimately more nore or stay at medicine for the life long. 

So, there is a need of stay away from all that and lead a simple and happy life.

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Multimedia | PowerPoint Presentation | How to create PowerPoint Presentation

Multimedia presentations:

Multimedia presentations helps the users to presents information visually an interactive way. 

Multimedia:

Multimedia is a combination of all or some of the  media elements. The elements of multimedia includes text, graphics, audio/video and animation. 

Graphics

Digital representation of non text information such as drawing, photographs, painting and charts etc. are called graphics. 

Sound

A wave or vibration which can be heard by human ears is known as sound. For example, sound of a passing cars, gunshot and applause etc. 

Animation

Animation is a technique used to create movement in objects. For example, cartoon programs and animated movie etc. 

Video

A series of pictures that are displayed one after another along with sound is known as video. For example, movie clips and documentary clips etc. 

Text

Text is a combination of letters and numbers that a user types with a keyboard. 

Creating a PowerPoint presentation

Microsoft PowerPoint is a software that helps a user to create attractive multimedia presentations using different media elements, such as text, graphics, sound, video and animation. When we start PowerPoint, a new blank presentation begins automatically with one slide.

Multimedia presentation

An orderly display information using different media elements such as audio, video, animation, text and graphics is known as multimedia presentations. Multimedia presentations are used to present information to a group of people. It is the most comprehensive way to present information. PowerPoint and Adobe Flash are some examples of multimedia presentations software. 

Slide and slideshow

A single page of presentation created in PowerPoint is called Slide. All the information in the form of media elements such as text, graphics and sound etc. is presented on the slide. created in PowerPoint shown one after another is known as slide show. In the slideshow presentation is shown in full screen mode. In the slide show all the graphics, timing, animated effects and transition effects are shown. 

Opening PowerPoint

• Click start button Point to all programs➡️ Microsoft Office
• 
  
• Click Microsoft Office PowerPoint 2007
• PowerPoint 2007 opens
  
• Click on the title placeholder and My First Presentation.
  
• Now click on the subtitle placeholder and type your name, and section.
• 
  
• Click on new slide button to add few more slides
• 
  
• Now click the slide show button to run the slide show of your presentation or press F5 key on the keyboard
• 
  
• The presentation will run in full screen mode. 
• 
  
• Save it in my MS Documents folder with the same of  "My first presentation".

Blank presentation

When a user start PowerPoint, a new blank presentation begins automatically with one slide. If the user needs to starts another blank presentation, follow these steps. 

Creating blank presentation

• Click office button and select new
• Or press Ctrl+ N.
• The New Presentation dialogue box opens
• Blanks Presentation is selected by default
• Click create button
• A new blank presentation will be created.
  

Template

A template is a file that contains pre-defined setting on which a user can base new presentations. Template are easy to use. They also save much time in beautifying the slides.

There are three types of template

• Installed template- These are provided with the PowerPoint.
• My Template: Template that a user has created and saved.
• Office Online Template- Templates that a user download from Office websites.

Using Installed Template

• Open PowerPoint (a new blank presentation appears)
• Choose office button and click New.
• The new presentation dialogue box opens.
• In the Template list, click installed templates.
• Click a template to see a preview of it.
• Click Create button.
• A new presentation opens based on that selected template.

Themes

A user can open a new presentation using a theme. A theme contains pre-defined setting of fonts, colors and other settings.

Using themes

• Open PowerPoint  (a new blank presentation appears).
• The New Presentation dialogue box opens.
• In the Template list, click Installed Themes
• Click a theme to see a preview of it
• Click a create button.
• A new presentation opens based on the selected theme.

Collecting content for presentation:

Content for presentation can be collected in the form of text, images, audio and video clips. The presenter can search books and internet for the best available material. Suppose a user wants to create a presentation on the famous personality. The user should collect the following material to make an attractive presentation.

• Textual data (birthday, a brief history and quotes etc.)
• Image of the famous personality
• Sound clips from his speeches
• Video clips of famous personality

Adding Background fill effect:

The background of a slide is the area behind the text and graphic. The background color and appearance of the slide can easily be modified with the following effects. 

Gradient fill: A gradual progression of colors and shades usually from one color to another color or from one shade to another shade of the same color.

Texture fill: The feel of a surface or a fabric is called texture. There are different texture available in PowerPoint to set as background. 

Picture fill: A visual representation of an object or scene or person produced on a surface is known as picture. For example, painting, drawings and photographs. etc.

Adding Gradient Fill

• Open PowerPoint (a new blank presentation appears).
• Types the quotation.
• On the design tab, in the background group, click background dialogue box launcher. 
• The format background dialogue box appears.
• Click gradient fill
• Click preset colors and set one preset color style.
• Click apply to all the color of the background of the slide changes. 
• Click close
• The background of the slide changes.

Adding texture fill:

• Open PowerPoint (a new blank presentation appears)
• Type the quotation
• Right click on the background of the slide
• Select the Format Background
• The format background dialogue box opens
• Click Picture or texture fill
• Click Texture button and then select the required texture
• Click Apply to All
• Click Close
  

Adding Picture as Background Fill

• Open PowerPoint ( a new blank presentation)
• Type the Quotation
• Open the format background dialogue box
• Click picture or texture fill
• Click File button to choose a picture
• Set the path of appropriate picture which you want to set as background
• Click Apply to all
• now the picture has been set as background

Slide layout and Placeholders:

Layout refer to the way things are arranged on a slide. A slide layout is a ready-made or pre-defined design of a slide available in Microsoft PowerPoint. All slide layouts contain boxes with dotted borders called placeholders. These boxes hold title and body text or objects such as SmartArt graphic, charts, tables and pictures. 

Using slide layout and placeholders

• Open a new blank PowerPoint Presentation.
• In the Home tab, on the Slide groups, Click Layout
• A menu of layout appears
• Click the desired layout
• In the title placeholder type something
• In the content placeholder, click insert Clip Arts appears
• Click the Click art you want to insert
• The insert clip art appears on the slide
• In the Home tab on the drawing group click shapes
• A menu of shapes appears
• Click the shapes that you want to insert
• Edit the shapes, for example by resizing or moving it as needed
• Save it with the name 
  

Adding animation

A user can add animation in presentation by using slide transition and custom animation effects. These effects can help to animate the slide and its objects.

Custom animation

Custom animation is the list of animated effects that a user can apply to different selected objects on the slide during the slide show. 

Using custom animation

• Open the presentation
• select the image 
• In the Animation tab, click Custom Animation
• Custom Animation task pane appears
• Click add Effects⇾ Entrance⇾ Checkerboard
• Select the slide show button to view the full screen animation effects
  

Slide Transition

Slide transition is the movement from one slide to another in the slide show. A user can add sound, select the speed and style to the transition effects. 

Applying the sound effects

• On the animation tab, in the Transition to this Slide group, Click Transition sound
• Transition sound drop-down list appears
• Select the transition sound
  
• Setting speed of slide transition
  
• On the Animation tab in the Transition to this slide group, CLICK TRANSITION SPEED.
• Select the transition speed drop down list

Run a slide show

The presentation of all the slides created in PowerPoint one after another is known as slideshow. In the slide show in the full screen mode.

Slide Show

On the Slide Show tab in the start slide show group, click from the beginning

Slide show start from the first slide

 

                                                

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Gilgit-Baltistan | Elections 2020

Gilgit Baltistan free and fair elections:

Allah has blessed Gilgit Baltistan with very beautiful scene and places. These places of Gilgit Baltistan attract people towards them and everyone wants to visit that area. When one has visited that area, they want to come again and again to that area. Because its natural beauty attracts the visitors and also the tourist. Not from Pakistan but also from the other countries, people come here to visit this beautiful and God gifted place of Pakistan. Their dishes are also very delicious.

 

Imran khan is the prime minister of Pakistan. He is a brave leader and have all leadership qualities that should be present in a leader. All the states encouraged the Imran khan qualities and are inspired by Imran khan’s way of leading a nation. Prime minister Imran khan upright the economy of the nation that is going down day by day before his empowerment. Indeed, he is a great leader.

After the victory of his party in 2018 elections. All the parties targeted him and his party Pakistan Tehreek e Insaaf, that this party is selected and won the elections illegally. That’s not true thing at all.

All the votes are genuine and are given by public to this party (PTI) so that they want change in this country. The slogan of Imran khan party is “change”. So public of the Pakistan vote to Pakistan Tehreek e Insaaf (PTI) for changing the nation and rise the Pakistan worldwide like other famous countries.

By the grace of Almighty Allah, Pakistan grown better and achieved goals that people want to get in the leadership of Imran khan and they voted Imran khan for that.

Our textile industry now growing better and we are (Pakistan) now in better position worldwide. Our economic situation is also in our control now and we move towards betterment.

 Elections 2020 at Gilgit Baltistan:

Recently the elections of Gilgit Baltistan was held to choose the Chief minister of the Gilgit Baltistan. All the parties struggled hard to won the elections and Like other parties Pakistan Tehreek e Insaaf also worked to won the elections. All the parties arrange the conventions and run the work campaigns to indulge the people to vote their party so that they won the elections and do leadership there.

 

This is also the part of every elections. Every party work hard to won the elections and their slogans are there at every part of the targeted area.

 

Similarly, the Pakistan people’s party done that and run their elections campaigns there and in each and every part of the area they arranged the “Jalsaas” chaired by Pakistan people party chairmen Bilawal Bhutto Zardari. They give massive speeches at every meeting and many promises were made by them (PPP) to the people of Gilgit Baltistan and they also promise to the people that they solve the issues of the people of Gilgit Baltistan and fulfilled there all needs and requirements. They resolve their basic problems and many new things are made by their party to raise beauty of their area.

Although this is a very beautiful place and all of its beauty is natural and are God gifted. Unlike Pakistan people’s party, Muslim league Nawaz (PML-N) also arranged meeting their and worked hard to won the elections. They arranged corner meetings their and tell the people that they resolve their issues also gives All the facilities to them that they do not have like internet, universities, gas etc.

 

The vice president of Pakistan muslin league (N) maryam Nawaz leads all the meeting of their party due to the illness his party (PML-N) chairman Nawaz sharif. She leads their party very bravely and run their party actively in each and every aspect and in all forms also. This is very good for their party.  They also run their slogans in each and every corner of Gilgit Baltistan and worked hard to won the elections of 2020 in the Gilgit Baltistan. They also made many promises to the people that they fulfilled in future after winning the elections.

PDM (Pakistan democratic movement) also made against the Pakistan Tehreek e Insaaf government, in PDM all the parties are together and in one page to diminish this government. This is also in action at this election.

Unlike these parties many other parties also struggled hard to won the elections and made their government in Gilgit Baltistan. They also arranged corner meetings.

Also, the independent candidates worked hard and made their campaigns so that they won and lead. Many independent candidates run the campaign very strongly, with courage and bravery. They also arranged corner meetings and work hard to won the elections

          Unlike all these parties work to win also the Pakistan Tehreek e Insaaf also work hard. The chairman of Pakistan Tehreek e Insaaf Imran khan struggled hard and arranged corner meeting and also the ‘Jalsa’ like other parties. They also answer’s the opposition questions and also the allegations that they made on the Pakistan Tehreek e Insaaf. Many candidates got the tickets from the Pakistan Tehreek e Insaaf and they also struggled hard. PTI chairman Imran khan also chaired many meetings and work for their party also to win like in other provinces of Pakistan and in federal area. We all know that he is a brave person. They worked hard to grow the country and made the economy better.

15 November 2020

15 November 2020 was the election day of Gilgit Baltistan. And people had to choose their leader that is representative of their area at national forms and become the voice of their area. It was very cold in that day and many people come out to vote for their best candidate. Many people, young, old, man woman come out to the polling station to cast their vote and there was grate hustle and bustle out there. Every candidate polled their vote very peacefully this process has been done.

When the vote has casted then the counting of the vote started. When the result announced officially by the election commission the PTI won the elections with 10 seats and independent candidates are 7 that won the elections there are 2 seats of PML (N), and 3 seats of PPP.

So, Pakistan Tehreek e Insaaf won this election of Gilgit Baltistan and made their government their also.

 

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Telescope | Spacecraft | Space exploration

Telescope is used to know about the space and to study the space objects since long. More technologies are developed now to study about the space such as Telescope, spectroscope, spacecraft etc. 

Telescope:

Telescope is the instrument which is used for observing distant objects. 

The first scientist who have invented telescope are Galileo in 1610. The telescope that are used in that days are not so big. But the telescope that are used now is so big than the past and are also heavy with different accessories. 

Types of telescope:

There are of following types of telescope.

• Refracting telescope 
• Reflecting telescope
  

Reflecting telescope:

The reflecting telescope consist of following parts 

• Large concave mirror
• Eyepiece
• A tube
  

Concave mirror is the objective mirror can reflects and coverages the light on eye-piece directly or through another reflecting mirror. The eye-piece magnifies the image formed by objective mirror. Reflecting telescope can be made much larger than the reflecting telescope and a better image is formed. 

 

Ground based telescope

There is another type of telescope exist which is called ground based telescope. In this dim light coming from stars passes through atmosphere and the image formed as a result of this are not cleared. 

Hubble Space telescope:

There are another telescope called Hubble space telescope. It is the first space-based reflecting telescope which is launched on 1990. It telescope orbits around the Earth at the height of 600km and this works all day and night actively. This telescope has been taken clean and clear picture of galaxies. Which are billions of kilometer away. 

Spectroscope:

The spectroscope is an instrument which is used to examine the different wavelength of light. The spectroscope splits different wavelength of light into different colors. The set of different colors obtained by this are called spectrum. 

Different color wavelength are also measured by spectrum. The light wavelength coming from the stars Helps scientists to know about compounds and elements that are present in the stars. The spectroscopes are mostly attached with the telescope. 

Spacecraft:

Spacecraft is the vehicle that are designed to travel in space. It is used for different purposes like communication, Earth's observation, meteorology, navigation, planetary exploration and transportation of human and cargo in space. 

Classes of spacecraft:

There are two major classes of spacecraft.

• Robotic space-craft
• Manned spacecraft
  

Robotic spacecraft:

This spacecraft are send into the space for collection of data about space, planets and other heavenly bodies such as asteroids. 

This spacecraft is controlled center id of the earth. 

Vayager I and Vayager II were the two robotic spacecrafts that are used to collect data from the mars and jupiter. 

Manned spacecraft:

This spacecraft carry human equipment's to the space. This space-craft are larger and have compartments in it that have facilities necessary for human survival such as oxygen, pressurized cabins, food, water and specially build bathrooms. This spacecraft have specially designed structure to protect from dangerous radiations that are in space. 

Space station:

A space-station is established in the space by carrying its many small parts in space and then assembling them there. This space station has more facilities for living in the space. This may have television for entertainment, bags, for sleeping, exercise machine and kitchen for fresh food. In such space station scientist performed experiments that cannot be formed or done on earth. due to its gravity. 

Now a days a large space station orbits arounds that earth. Russian, Americans and other scientists jointly works in the space station. This is called international space station. 

Space shuttle

Space shutter will send to the space with the help of rocket. The space shutter send scientists and equipment's. It is send to the station with the equipment and task is send to it. After performing its task it comes back to the earth like an Aeroplan. 

Space exploration:

Scientific study of space using specially developed technology is called space exploration. Common objectives for exploring space include advancing scientific knowledge, ensuring future survival of humanity and developing defense capabilities. 

Benefits of space exploration:

There are of following benefits of space exploration.

• Health and medicine
• Goble navigation
• Weather forecast and prediction of natural calamities
• Advanced electronics and computers
• Locating minerals, Fossil fuels and water reserves

Problems created by space exploration and their solutions:

• Space sickness
• Effects of weightlessness
• Conditions resulting from exposure radiations and many unwanted side effects

These are the problems created by space explorations.

• Hazards for space crew on mission are the main problem
• Skylab fell from its orbit to Earth in 1979.
• Space programs are very costly and cause burden to the economy.
  

Technological tools used in space exploration:

• Space rocket
• Rocket launching pad

Space rocket:

Space rockets are the transportation of space-crafts, space shuttle and space stations into the space.

Rocket launching space:

The sites from which rockets are launched into the space are called Rocket launching pads. These are the platforms for the firing rockets into the space.  They have extremely high temperature. 

Telecommunication system:

Rockets and space crafts are connected with the telecommunication system so that they have cloud in the space and have connection with the earth by earth station. 

Ground mission control station:

This receive and process the information from satellites to monitor and guide their motion in space. 

The main tasks are as follows

• Tracking
• Monitoring 
  

New technologies developed on the earth by space exploration:

There are of following new technologies developed for exploring space.

• Special type of metal alloys and ceramic materials developed for rocket engines and space shuttle can with stand with very high temperature and pressure.
• Solar cells were originally developed to provide electricity to spacecrafts
• In case of illness, astronauts have difficulty in swallowing medicine pills in space. Special medicine has develop for use in space. 
  
• Special sensor and computer were developed for monitoring the physical condition of astronauts such as pulse rate, blood pressure, blood sugar etc. 

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