Telescope | Spacecraft | Space exploration

Telescope is used to know about the space and to study the space objects since long. More technologies are developed now to study about the space such as Telescope, spectroscope, spacecraft etc. 

Telescope:

Telescope is the instrument which is used for observing distant objects. 

The first scientist who have invented telescope are Galileo in 1610. The telescope that are used in that days are not so big. But the telescope that are used now is so big than the past and are also heavy with different accessories. 

Types of telescope:

There are of following types of telescope.

• Refracting telescope 
• Reflecting telescope
  

Reflecting telescope:

The reflecting telescope consist of following parts 

• Large concave mirror
• Eyepiece
• A tube
  

Concave mirror is the objective mirror can reflects and coverages the light on eye-piece directly or through another reflecting mirror. The eye-piece magnifies the image formed by objective mirror. Reflecting telescope can be made much larger than the reflecting telescope and a better image is formed. 

 

Ground based telescope

There is another type of telescope exist which is called ground based telescope. In this dim light coming from stars passes through atmosphere and the image formed as a result of this are not cleared. 

Hubble Space telescope:

There are another telescope called Hubble space telescope. It is the first space-based reflecting telescope which is launched on 1990. It telescope orbits around the Earth at the height of 600km and this works all day and night actively. This telescope has been taken clean and clear picture of galaxies. Which are billions of kilometer away. 

Spectroscope:

The spectroscope is an instrument which is used to examine the different wavelength of light. The spectroscope splits different wavelength of light into different colors. The set of different colors obtained by this are called spectrum. 

Different color wavelength are also measured by spectrum. The light wavelength coming from the stars Helps scientists to know about compounds and elements that are present in the stars. The spectroscopes are mostly attached with the telescope. 

Spacecraft:

Spacecraft is the vehicle that are designed to travel in space. It is used for different purposes like communication, Earth's observation, meteorology, navigation, planetary exploration and transportation of human and cargo in space. 

Classes of spacecraft:

There are two major classes of spacecraft.

• Robotic space-craft
• Manned spacecraft
  

Robotic spacecraft:

This spacecraft are send into the space for collection of data about space, planets and other heavenly bodies such as asteroids. 

This spacecraft is controlled center id of the earth. 

Vayager I and Vayager II were the two robotic spacecrafts that are used to collect data from the mars and jupiter. 

Manned spacecraft:

This spacecraft carry human equipment's to the space. This space-craft are larger and have compartments in it that have facilities necessary for human survival such as oxygen, pressurized cabins, food, water and specially build bathrooms. This spacecraft have specially designed structure to protect from dangerous radiations that are in space. 

Space station:

A space-station is established in the space by carrying its many small parts in space and then assembling them there. This space station has more facilities for living in the space. This may have television for entertainment, bags, for sleeping, exercise machine and kitchen for fresh food. In such space station scientist performed experiments that cannot be formed or done on earth. due to its gravity. 

Now a days a large space station orbits arounds that earth. Russian, Americans and other scientists jointly works in the space station. This is called international space station. 

Space shuttle

Space shutter will send to the space with the help of rocket. The space shutter send scientists and equipment's. It is send to the station with the equipment and task is send to it. After performing its task it comes back to the earth like an Aeroplan. 

Space exploration:

Scientific study of space using specially developed technology is called space exploration. Common objectives for exploring space include advancing scientific knowledge, ensuring future survival of humanity and developing defense capabilities. 

Benefits of space exploration:

There are of following benefits of space exploration.

• Health and medicine
• Goble navigation
• Weather forecast and prediction of natural calamities
• Advanced electronics and computers
• Locating minerals, Fossil fuels and water reserves

Problems created by space exploration and their solutions:

• Space sickness
• Effects of weightlessness
• Conditions resulting from exposure radiations and many unwanted side effects

These are the problems created by space explorations.

• Hazards for space crew on mission are the main problem
• Skylab fell from its orbit to Earth in 1979.
• Space programs are very costly and cause burden to the economy.
  

Technological tools used in space exploration:

• Space rocket
• Rocket launching pad

Space rocket:

Space rockets are the transportation of space-crafts, space shuttle and space stations into the space.

Rocket launching space:

The sites from which rockets are launched into the space are called Rocket launching pads. These are the platforms for the firing rockets into the space.  They have extremely high temperature. 

Telecommunication system:

Rockets and space crafts are connected with the telecommunication system so that they have cloud in the space and have connection with the earth by earth station. 

Ground mission control station:

This receive and process the information from satellites to monitor and guide their motion in space. 

The main tasks are as follows

• Tracking
• Monitoring 
  

New technologies developed on the earth by space exploration:

There are of following new technologies developed for exploring space.

• Special type of metal alloys and ceramic materials developed for rocket engines and space shuttle can with stand with very high temperature and pressure.
• Solar cells were originally developed to provide electricity to spacecrafts
• In case of illness, astronauts have difficulty in swallowing medicine pills in space. Special medicine has develop for use in space. 
  
• Special sensor and computer were developed for monitoring the physical condition of astronauts such as pulse rate, blood pressure, blood sugar etc.